Being approached by law enforcement can be stressful, especially if you don’t know your rights. Whether you’re walking down the street, driving a car, or at home, it’s important to understand what police officers can and cannot do—and what you should and shouldn’t do in response.

In Maryland, your rights during a police encounter are protected by both state and federal law. These rights include the right to remain silent, the right to refuse a search, and more. If your rights were violated during a police encounter in Maryland, contact a Baltimore criminal defense lawyer for help.

When Can the Police Stop You?

In Maryland, police officers can stop and question you if they have reasonable suspicion that you are involved in criminal activity. This means they must have specific facts—not just a hunch—that suggest something illegal is happening.

If officers want to search you or your belongings, they must have probable cause or your consent. Probable cause means there is enough evidence to believe a crime has been committed. In some cases, officers may also get a warrant from a judge.

According to the Maryland Criminal Justice Data Snapshot, over 145,000 criminal incidents were reported statewide in 2025, with traffic stops and street encounters making up a large portion of police interactions.

Your Right to Remain Silent

You have the right to remain silent during a police encounter in Maryland. This means you do not have to answer questions about where you’re going, what you’re doing, or who you’re with. However, in Maryland, if you are stopped while driving, you must:

• Show your driver’s license
• Provide vehicle registration
• Show proof of insurance

Outside of a traffic stop, you are not required to provide identification unless you are being detained or arrested. If you choose to remain silent, you should say so clearly: “I am exercising my right to remain silent.”

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Your Right to Refuse a Search

Police officers may ask to search your car, bag, or home. You have the right to say no unless they have a warrant or probable cause. In Maryland, refusing a search does not permit officers to search you—it simply protects your privacy.

If an officer insists on searching without a warrant, do not physically resist. Instead, calmly say, “I do not consent to this search.” This statement can help protect your rights if the search is later challenged in court.

What You Should Do During a Police Encounter

Even if you believe the stop is unfair, it’s important to stay calm and respectful. Here are some steps to follow:

• Keep your hands visible at all times
• Avoid sudden movements
• Speak clearly and politely
• Do not argue or raise your voice
• Ask if you are free to leave

If the officer says you are not free to go, you are being detained. You still have the right to remain silent and to ask for a lawyer.

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What You Should Not Do During a Police Encounter in Maryland

During a police encounter in Maryland, certain actions can make the situation worse. You should avoid:

• Running away or resisting physically
• Lying to the officer
• Touching the officer or their equipment
• Refusing to show ID during a traffic stop
• Trying to record secretly (you may record openly in public spaces)

In Maryland, interfering with a police investigation or resisting arrest can lead to criminal charges—even if the original stop was questionable.

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Recording Police Encounters

Maryland law allows citizens to record police officers in public places, as long as they do not interfere with the officer’s duties. You can use your phone to record video or audio, but you should:

• Hold the phone openly
• Avoid blocking the officer’s movements
• Inform the officer that you are recording

Recording can help protect your rights, but it must be done respectfully and without causing disruption.

If You Are Arrested

If you are arrested after a police encounter in Maryland, you have the right to:

• Remain silent
• Contact an attorney
• Be informed of the charges against you
• Appear before a judge within 24 hours

Juveniles have additional protections. Maryland law requires that minors be given access to legal counsel before police questioning. This rule was strengthened by recent legislation aimed at protecting youth rights during arrest and detention.

Know Your Rights, Stay Safe

Police encounters in Maryland can be stressful, but knowing your rights can help you stay safe and protect yourself legally. You have the right to remain silent, refuse a search, and ask for a lawyer. You also have the right to record public interactions with law enforcement.

Understanding what to do—and what not to do—can make a big difference. Stay calm, be respectful, and know when to speak up. And if you ever feel unsure, reach out to a legal professional like The Bishop Law Group to guide you through the process.

If you believe your rights were violated during a police stop or arrest, it’s important to speak with a qualified attorney. The Bishop Law Group is a trusted Maryland law firm that offers experienced legal representation in criminal defense, personal injury, and civil rights matters.

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